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英语学习中的疑问解答

Q1:有一个句子,在我们这里引起很大争论:He is the man which his parents expect him to be. 有些人说这个句子是在一篇文章中读到的。但很多人认为这里which是关系代词,用它来指代man 是不对的。我想请你们帮我们解释一下。A1:解答如下: 在通常情况下,which引导定语从句,修饰表示事物的先行词,在定语从句中充当主语、宾语或者表语。如:He was reading a book which was about war.他正在读一本关于战争的书。(关系代词which在修饰book的定语从句中充当主语。)但在某些特定的情况下,which也 可以修饰表示人的先行词,主要有以下情况: 1.先行词是不指明性别的婴儿或儿童时,可以用which指代,如:His mother has three children, of which he is the youngest.这里,children的单数child可以用不指明性别的it指代。复数名词children的指代人称代词they是it的复数。因此在定语从句中,可以用which指代先行词children。 2.先行词是表示人的名词,但在句中用于强调人的身份,地位,人品等。你提到的句子就是这种情况。Q2:thought作名词用时,有时候用单数,有时候用复数,我总是弄不清楚,希望你们能够讲一讲。A2:解答如下:1.thought表示“念头,想法,主意”时,是可数名词,可用单数或复数,如:The thought of Nick made her throat tighten.一想到尼克,她的喉咙就发紧。2.thought表示“意图,希望,理由”时,是可数名词,可用单数或复数,如:They had no thought of surrender.他们没有想过要投降。3.thought表示“心思,思想”,通常用复数形式,如:I jumped to my feet so my thoughts wouldn’t start to wander.我跳起来,免得走神。4.thought表示“关于具体问题的观点、看法”时,通常用复数形式,如:Many of you have written to us to express your thoughts on the conflict.你们中有许多人给我们来信,表达对冲突的看法。5.thought表示“斟酌,沉思”时,是不可数名词,如:He had given some thought to what she had told him.他认真考虑了她对他说过的话。6.thought表示“宗教,哲学,科学,政党等思想体系,观念体系”时,是不可数名词,如:Aristotles’ scientific theories dominated Western thought for fifteen hundred years.亚里士多德的科学理论统治了西方思想达1500年。Q3:insist, persist, persevere都有“坚持”的意思,它们有什么区别?A3:解答如下:一、insist主要用于:1.坚决认为(或主张,要求)。如:My family insisted that I should not give in, but stay and fight.家里人坚持认为我不应让步,而应该留下来继续抗争。She insisted on being present at all the interviews.她坚持所有采访自己都要在场。2.坚称,坚持说,如:The president insisted that he was acting out of compassion, not opportunism.总统坚持说他如此做是出于同情而不是为了投机。Crippen insisted on his innocence. 克里平坚称自己是无辜的。二、persist主要用于:1.(不喜欢的事物)继续存在,如:Contact your doctor if the cough persists.如果还是咳嗽就去看医生。2.顽强坚持;执着。如:He urged the United States to persist with its efforts to bring about peace.他敦促美国继续进行和平旋。三、persevere主要用于:尽管困难,还是坚持不懈,锲而不舍。如:She persevered in her idea despite obvious objections raised by friends.虽然朋友们明确反对,她还是坚持己见。
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