python
spyder
list初始化：我们可以通过python内置的list容器初始化numpy数组。举个例子：import numpy as npa = np.array([1, 2, 3]) # Create a rank 1 arrayprint(type(a)) # Prints '
初始化方法：numpy也提供了很多函数来初始化numpy数组。举个例子：import numpy as npa = np.zeros((2,2)) # Create an array of all zerosprint(a) # Prints '[[ 0. 0.] # [ 0. 0.]]'b = np.ones((1,2)) # Create an array of all onesprint(b) # Prints '[[ 1. 1.]]'c = np.full((2,2), 7) # Create a constant arrayprint(c) # Prints '[[ 7. 7.] # [ 7. 7.]]'d = np.eye(2) # Create a 2x2 identity matrixprint(d) # Prints '[[ 1. 0.] # [ 0. 1.]]'e = np.random.random((2,2)) # Create an array filled with random valuesprint(e) # Might print '[[ 0.91940167 0.] # [ 0.68744134 0.87236687]]'
输出结果：[[0. 0.] [0. 0.]][[1. 1.]][[7 7] [7 7]][[1. 0.] [0. 1.]][[0.47514594 0.2616766 ] [0.20370754 0.83501379]]
索引：numpy提供了许多方法为数组元素进行定位索引。举个例子：import numpy as np# Create the following rank 2 array with shape (3, 4)# [[ 1 2 3 4]# [ 5 6 7 8]# [ 9 10 11 12]]a = np.array([[1,2,3,4], [5,6,7,8], [9,10,11,12]])# Use slicing to pull out the subarray consisting of the first 2 rows# and columns 1 and 2; b is the following array of shape (2, 2):# [[2 3]# [6 7]]b = a[:2, 1:3]# A slice of an array is a view into the same data, so modifying it# will modify the original array.print(a[0, 1]) # Prints '2'b[0, 0] = 77 # b[0, 0] is the same piece of data as a[0, 1]print(a[0, 1]) # Prints '77'
输出结果：277
整数索引：numpy提供了一些整数索引的方式，可以对矩阵中特定几个元素进行操作。举个例子：import numpy as npa = np.array([[1,2], [3, 4], [5, 6]])print(a)# An example of integer array indexing.# The returned array will have shape (3,) andprint(a[[0, 1, 2], [0, 1, 0]]) # Prints '[1 4 5]'# The above example of integer array indexing is equivalent to this:print(np.array([a[0, 0], a[1, 1], a[2, 0]])) # Prints '[1 4 5]'# When using integer array indexing, you can reuse the same# element from the source array:print(a[[0, 0], [1, 1]]) # Prints '[2 2]'# Equivalent to the previous integer array indexing exampleprint(np.array([a[0, 1], a[0, 1]])) # Prints '[2 2]'
运行结果：[[1 2] [3 4] [5 6]][1 4 5][1 4 5][2 2][2 2]
布尔数组索引：可以通过布尔数组索引的方式得到想要得到的数组。举个例子：import numpy as npa = np.array([[1,2], [3, 4], [5, 6]])bool_idx = (a > 2) # Find the elements of a that are bigger than 2; # this returns a numpy array of Booleans of the same # shape as a, where each slot of bool_idx tells # whether that element of a is > 2.print(bool_idx) # Prints '[[False False] # [ True True] # [ True True]]'# We use boolean array indexing to construct a rank 1 array# consisting of the elements of a corresponding to the True values# of bool_idxprint(a[bool_idx]) # Prints '[3 4 5 6]'# We can do all of the above in a single concise statement:print(a[a > 2]) # Prints '[3 4 5 6]'
输出结果：[[False False] [ True True] [ True True]][3 4 5 6][3 4 5 6]