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八年级下册期末考试知识总结

八年级英语学完了,有好多同学都不知道学了些什么知识,在这里我把八年级期末考试知识点总结一下,方便同学记忆掌握。
方法/步骤
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1.unless引导条件状语从句 unless = if … not “除非,若不” as soon as引导时间状语从句。 “一……就”. so.......that引导结果状语从句句型1“主语+谓语+so+形容词/副词+that从句句型2: so +形容词 + a/an + 单数名词 + that从句 句型3. so + many/ few + 复数名词 + that从句 How does the story begin? 故事是怎么发生的?【解析】begin  → began →  begun  v 开始→ beginning n 开始  at the beginning of 在……开始【拓展】begin to do sth/ doing sth 开始做某事【解析1】tell sb. that 告诉某人【辨析】speak/talk/say/tell(1) 说某种语言用speak  speak  English 说英语(2) 与某人交谈用talk  talk with sb.= talk to sb. 与某人交谈(3) 强调说话内容用say  say it in English 用英语说(4) 告诉某人用tell   tell sb. to do sth  告诉某人做某事It is said that... “据说【解析2】never  从不;绝不【解析】work on 忙于; 从事【解析】 take away 把……带走【解析1】remind 提醒;使想起【解析2】 unless 如果不,除非【解析】What do you think about … ? “你认为……怎么样?”       = What do you think of …? = How do you like …? (用来询问对方对某人或某事的看法和观点)【解析1】a good way to do sth. 一个做某事的办法【解析2】solve v 解决 → solution n 解决的办法【解析】agree v→ (反)disagree → agreement n同意(1) agree with sb. 同意某人( 表示同意某人或某人的意见、想法) I agree with you.(2) agree on 主要指双方通过协商而取得一致意见或达成协议We agreed on the price.(3) agree to 主要用来表示一方提出一项建议、安排、计划等,另一方同意协作。We agreed to their arrange(4) agree to do sth 同意做某事 He agreed to go with us.【解析】⑴another “ 另一个; 另外的” ,泛指三种或三种以上的另一个。 This coat is too small, please show me another one.⑵ others “另一些” , 和some对比使用时,无“其他”之意。 Some students are singing ; others are dancing.⑶ the others “其余的” , 指在一个范围内的其他全部。  Lisa is taller than the others in our class.⑷the other “另一个” , 指两者中的另一个。      I have two sister, one is a teacher, the other is a doctor.【解析】seem 似乎,好像⑴ seem to be + adj.   (说明主语的特征或状态) Mr. Green seemed to be quite happy.【解析】show 告诉;阐明;展示;给……看【拓展】show  → showed → shown v   给……看,出示  / 表明  【短语】  on display = on show 展览,展出   show sb. around 带领某人参观show off 炫耀              talk show 脱口秀,谈话节目【解析】instead of 代替;反而instead  副词,代替, 放在句末(2) instead of +n/doing 代替,而不是,放在句中  对于这个故事,你们有不同的观点,你们都没有错。【解析】neither 两者都不(反)both两者都“neither of +名词复数” 作主语时,谓语动词常用单数形式neither…  nor … “既不… 也不……” ,连接两个词做主语,谓语动词遵循就近原则。Neither I nor she knows the matter.若要表达“…也不……” 则用 “Neither /Nor + be / V助 / V情 + 主”【解析1】be able to “能够” ,后接动词原形,强调通过努力而获得的能力,可以用于各种时态。 He is / was / will be able to help you.  can “能,会”,强调自身的能力,只要一般现在时或一般过去时。   I could help you last night, but you didn’t come.【解析2】called 被称为called=named  =with the name of叫做 a boy called Tom【解析】once upon a time= long long ago  从前  (常用于故事的开头)【解析】be born 出生 通常用于一般过去时⑴ be born in +月份/年份/ 地点     在……月/年/ 地方出生  My brother was born in Hong Kong. ⑵ be born on + 具体的某天   在……出生  He was born on a cold morning.18. One day, it suddenly broke open and gave birth to a monkey. 一天,这个石头突然裂开了并生出一只猴子。【解析】give birth (to sb /sth) 生孩子,产仔【解析1】hide 隐藏;躲藏【解析2】 turn … into …  把……变成……;把……译成……turn on 打开  could you turn on the light, please?turn off 关掉(煤气,水,电,收音机,电视机等)       Don’t forget to turn off the light when you leave.turn down关小  Can you turn the TV down? I’m trying to get some sleep.turn to 翻到  Please turn to page10. It’s one’s turn to do sth 轮到某人做某【解析1】some time /sometime/some times/sometimes【口诀】:分开是一段,   合起是某时;  分开s 是倍次,合起s是有时(1) some time一段时间,做时间状语  It takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间(2) sometime adv 在某个时候,(3) some times 名词词组,“几次,几倍”  Mr. Green went to Sanya some times last summer.(4)sometimes=at times 有时 (一般现在时的标志词) A. sometimes  B. some times  C. sometime   D. some time【解析2】so… that… “如此…. 以致….” 引导结果状语从句 “so +adj./adv +that【解析】excite v 使激动,使兴奋 (1) exciting adj. 令人激动的,(通常用于指物) (2) exciting adj. 感到激动的(通常用于指人)    be excited about 对…… 感到兴奋【解析2】come out ⑴出版;发行   When does the new book come out ?                  ⑵开花;出来;出现;披露  Some flowers have begun to come out in early spring.【解析3】more than = over 超过;多于(反)less than 少于no more than 不只是;不仅仅是  not more than 至多;不超过【解析4】 western 西方的    east →eastern adj. 东方的      west →western adj.西方的south→southern adj.南方的  north→northern adj.北方的  eastern part 东部地区   western countries 西方国家【解析5】be / become interested in …  对……感兴趣   interest→interesting/interested 有趣的        be interested in 对…感兴趣【解析6】the +形容词 表示一类人,作主语时,谓语动词用复数。【解析】fall in love with 爱上【解析】fit 适合,合身suit合适侧重指颜色、款式或时间,食物、状况等适合fit适合侧重指大小、尺寸合体。  The shoes suit you well.这双鞋子适合你(侧重颜色、款式适合) The shoes fit you well. (侧重大小合脚)【解析1】couple 一对;the couple 夫妻二人  (谓语动词通常用复数) The young couple are quarreling with each other.a couple of 两三个He told me that he’s coming to visit for a couple of weeks.他告诉我他要来参观两三周。【解析2】couldn’t stop doing sth= couldn’t help doing sth忍不住做某事【解析3】get married 结婚【拓展】marry  v嫁娶 (1)A marry B. “A 与B结婚”   Bill married Mary on January 1, 1994.(2) A and B get married = A and B are married  A和B结婚get married 结婚    Kate and Tom get married last year.(3) marry A to B “ 把A 嫁给B”  She married her daughter to a rich man.(4) be married to sb 与……结婚【解析】make sth. for sb.为某人制作某物 = make sb. Sth    I make a cake for my daughter.【解析】 make a plan to do sth 制定计划去做某事         make a plane for sth 为了某事而制定计划【拓展】plan→ planning → planned v/n 计划【注意】plan 的过去式,过去分词,现在分词都要双写n  make a plan for 为……制定计划  plan to do sth  计划做某事=  plan on doing sth【解析】whole 全部的;整体的【辨析】whole/all(1) whole adj. 整个的,全部的 ,用于冠词之后   the whole country 全国  the whole school 全校(2) all adj. 全体的,全部的 用于冠词和所有其他限定词之前常用词组:above all 首先,最重要的是  not… at all 一点也不 all the time 一直  all over the world 遍及全世界  first of all 首先

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Unit 7  What’s the highest mountain in the world?1. The elephant weights many times more than this panda. 这头大象的重量是这只熊猫的很多倍。【解析1】weigh v  称……的重量 → weight n 重量【记】 She weighs herself every day and wants to lose weight.【解析2】time ①“是......的几倍”主语 + 数词 + times + as +形容词+ as +被比较的内容   Our new school is four times as big as the old one. ②“次数” 一次 once  两次 twice   三次及三次以上 :基数词 + times three times 三次  three or four times 三到四次【短语】many times 很多倍     last time (在)上次……时  every time 每次/每回……     each time 每当……时   the first time 第一次……时     next time (当)下次……时      【句型 】  It’s time for sth . 或 It’s time ( for sb . ) to do sth . 意为:该是……的时候了   It’s time for dinner . 该是吃晚餐的时候了。   It’s time for children to go to bed . 是小孩睡觉的时候了。2.At birth, a baby panda is about ___ to ____ kilos.  刚出生的小熊猫幼崽约___到 ____公斤。【解析】at birth 出生时  (用作时间状语)___________(出生时)        give birth ( to sb/ sth) 生孩子;产仔【解析】up to 高达   up to +数量词  达到 (某数量、程度等);至多    I can take up to four people in my car. 直到 (现在)4. Lin Wei and the other panda keepers are preparing the milk for the baby pandas’ breakfast. 林微和其他熊猫饲养员们正在给熊猫幼崽准备牛奶作为早餐。【解析1】the other 其他的 (指两个事物或两个人中的“另一个”, 后接名词时,表示“其他的人或物”;One.... The other ...  (两者中)一个......, 另一个........the others=the other +复数名词the other的复数形式是the others “其他东西,其余的人”。特指某一范围内的“其他的(人或物)”【解析2】prepare…for… 为……准备……1). prepare sth.表示"准备......",后接名词或代词作宾语。2). prepare to do sth.表示"准备做......"。3). prepare for sth.表示"为......做准备"。【解析】awake  adj. 醒来 (反义词)asleep 睡着的  She was awak all night.V. 唤醒;使醒来 = wake up  The noise awak me.

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Unit 8 Have you read Treasure Island yet?【解析】fight over 为……争吵        fight for + 抽象名词(事业、自由、权利) 等 “为......而斗争”        have a fight with  和......打了一架【解析1】abroad adv 在国外;到国外 My father often goes abroad.abroad 用法:表示到(在)国外,是一个副词,前面不加介词。go abroad 出国   live abroad 住在国外 at home and abroad 在国内外【解析2】return = come / go back返回= give sth back 归还returen ... to ... 把.......归还给....... Don’t forget to return it to the library.【解析3】on the radio 在收音机里;通过无线广播      介词on 表示 “ 以......方式”on the Internet 通过因特网;在网上  on the telephone 通过电话 on TV 通过电视She came to realize how much she actually missed all of them.她开始意识到事实上她是多么想念他们。【解析】actually 真实地,事实上actually 和 in fact 用法的区别 actually adv. ① (无比较级、最高级)实际上,事实上,实际  in fact 相当于really, truly【解析】ever since 自从……以来ever since 作连词时=since, ever起强调作用 ,主句常用现在完成时.【解析1】modern  adj.现代的,当代的such as  “例如,诸如此类的,像……那样的”,相当于like或for example  such as 后不可列出前面所提过的所有东西。 for example/such as辨析:for example“例如”,一般只以同类事物或人中的“一个”为例,作插入语,用逗号隔开,可置于句首、句中或句末。【析】for example意为用来举例说明,有时可作为独立语,插在句中,不影响句子其他部分的语法关系。such as“例如”,用来列举同类人或事物中的几个例子。【析】such as用来列举事物,插在被列举事物与前面的名词之间,       as 后不可以有逗号,可以与 and so on 连用。 Boys such as John and James are very friendly.  像约翰和詹姆斯这样的男孩都很友好。【解析3】success 成功    succeed  v 成功,达到 →success  n  成功 →successful  adj 成功的→successfully adv成功地 ◆succeed in doing sth      make a success 取得成功【解析4】belong  属于; 归属【详解】belong  v 属于 = be owned by      belong to +人名(不能用所有格)+代词宾格(不能用物主代词)  属于【注】:belong to不能用于进行时态或被动形式,其主语常常是物。【解析】be kind to 对……友好= be friendly to   kind of “有点儿,有几分”相当于a little 或a bit  a kind of “一种”   all kinds of “各种各样的”    different kinds of“不同种类的”what kind of ….的种类(用来询问事物的类别)【解析】million 一百万 hundred n 百 hundreds of 数以百的  thousand n 千 thousands of成千上万的 million n 百万  millions of成百万的【注】:(1)当million 前面有具体的数字时,用单数形式       (2)当million 后与of 连用时用复数形式,   millions of 是数百万的意思,前面不能加数词【口诀】:具体的不加s 也不加of,不具体的加s 也加of【记】Three million workers have planted millions of tree【解析1】hope v 希望(1)hope to do sth. 希望做某事 I hope ______ (see) you again.(2)hope +that 从句            I hope you may succeed  (3)I hope so    我希望是这样 (4)I hope not   我希望不是这样【注】:不能说 hope sb. to do sth  但可以说 wish sb. to do sth.希望某人做某事hope/wish辨析:wish一般表示某种强烈而又难以实现的“愿望”,hope表示的是可以实现或能达到的“希望”。① I hope to see you soon. 我希望很快就见到你。②  I wish I         (be)back home, I don’t like this place.【解析2】live 现场直播的;实况直播的【解析】 the number of⑴ the number of 表示“……的数目” ,后跟名词复数或代词,其后的谓语动词用单数。⑵a number of  表示“大量的,许多” ,后跟复数名词,其后谓语动词用复数。【解析】be from =come from 来自She is from France=She comes from France.【注】be from 构成否定句时,在be 后加not;构成疑问句时,将be 提起。  come from 构成否定句或疑问句时,要借助助动词do或does.【解析】 introduce v 介绍;引进  (1) introduce oneself to sb. 向某人作自我介绍 Let me introduce myself to you.  (2) introduce A to B.把A介绍给B   May I introduce my friend  Jim to you?  (3) introduce into 引进【解析】(1) in the end =at last =finally   最后,终于         (2) at the end of 在….的结尾(反)at the beginning of 在……开始 【既可用来表示时间, 也可以用来表示地点】(3).by the end of 在…..结束时,常与过去完成时连用(had+过去分词)

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现在完成时:1.概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。2.时间状语:recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, already ,yet ,never ,ever, just, before, so far ,once, twice etc.                                                           3.基本结构:  have/has + done4.否定形式:   have/has + not +done.5.一般疑问句:   把have或has放于句首。6.反义疑问句: 直接用has /have 进行反问                                               7.与时间段连用时,短暂性动词应改为相应的延续性动词。                             go out----be out      finish-----be over    leave ----be away from  buy ----have   borrow /lend -----keep open ---be open  close---be closed   die---dead   start/begin ----be on  join—--be in /be a member of /be a soldier   become –be   make friend ---be friend  get up ---be up   fall asleep ---be asleep   catch a cold – have a cold  reach/get/arrive---stay/be

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Unit 10  I ’ve had this bike for three years.【解析】for +一段时间  表示动作持续一段时间,用于现在完成时Amy wants to keep her old things because they bring back sweet memories.  艾米想保留她的那些旧东西,因为它们能使她想起甜蜜的回忆。【解析1】keep (kept ; kept)保留keep 用法归纳如下: 一、用作系动词,意为“保持(某种状态)”,其后常接形容词作表语。  Please keep quiet / silent! 请保持安静! 二、用作实义动词,⑴. 保管;保存;保留 Please keep these things for me while I am away.⑵. 赡养;饲养       I used to keep sheep in my childhood. ⑶ 坚持;继续   接V-ing 形式作宾语。⑷ 阻止;阻碍 keep sb/sth from doing sth 其中介词 from 不能省略。⑸ 保持。  其后常接复合宾语,表示使(某人或某物)保持某种状态或使某一动作继续。① keep + sb/sth + 介词。    If your hands are cold, keep them in your pockets.② keep + sb/sth + 形容词。  These gloves will keep your hands warm.③ keep + sb/sth + V-ing ,“让某人 / 某物一直……”,强调动作的持续性。        I'm sorry I've kept you waiting. 很抱歉,让你久等了。【短语】   keep a record 保持记录,        keep in touch (with)保持与……的联系 keep out (of) 把……关在外面,  keep up 保持;使……不能入睡  keep one's / an eye on密切注视    keep away (from) 离开   keep in mind 牢记               keep one's word 遵守诺言【解析2】 bring back  (v+adv) 使回想起;使回忆起【解析】 in need 需要;需求【拓展】in danger 在危险中     in trouble在困境中 in silence 在沉默中     in good health 在好的健康状态中A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情【解析】no more ;not … anymore/  no longer ;not... any longer不再  no longernot… any longer强调时间或动作“不再延续”   , 与延续性动词连用no morenot … any more强调数量和程度“不再增加”   , 与非延续性动词连用  位置区别: 当修饰动词时,no longer通常置于be或行为动词前;no more一般置于行为动词后。   not... any longer与not... any more常置于句【解析】since 自从Since +从句(一般过去时),主句用现在完成时   He has studied very hard since he came to our school.【辨析】since 与for 在现在完成时态中的用法:since其后接时间点或时态为一般过去时的句子,表示某事是从什么时候开始的 I’ve   been a soldier since two years agofor其后接时间段,表示某事持续了多长时间【解析】for 给;为了介词for用法归纳用法1:(表目的)为了。They went out for a walk. 他们出去散步了。用法2:(表利益)为,为了。 What can I do for you? 你想要我什么?【解析】a couple of 几个;一些= a few 后接可数名词复数a couple of “一对” ,优指夫妻、情侣【解析】a bit 稍微;有点儿a bit /a little辨析:⑴ a bit和a little在肯定句中, 修饰动词、形容词、副词和比较级,"一点儿"⑵ a little可以直接作定语修饰名词,a bit修饰名词,需后面加of构成短语 ,两者都只能修饰不可数名词【解析】check out 查看;观察    check   v检查【解析】grow up 成长 (常用于指人或动物)【解析】clear out 清理;把……清空    clean up 清理;使整洁   Please clear out the cupboard.【解析1】decide 决定decide v 决定→-decision n 决定 (1)decide to do sth= make up one’s mind to do sth 决定做某事 (2)make a decision 做决定【解析2】no longer = not ... any long 不再【在句中位置】no longer 位于助动词、情态动词或实意动词之后;   not ... any longer   not 常与助动词或情态动词连用,any longer 位于句末。【辨析】 no longer, not ... any longer; no more , not... any more.no longernot ... any longer强调时间或动作“不再延续” ,与延续动词连用no morenot ... any more强调数量和程度“不再增加” 与非延续动词连用【解析】own 拥有own v 拥有→owner n 物主  of one’s own 某人自己的      the owner of … ……的所有者【解析】lose (lost , lost) 失去  【解析1】part with 与……分开;失去(尤指舍不得的东西)    They were sorry to part with the old house.【解析2】certain  ⑴ 某种; 某事;某人 (在句中只能做定语,常与不定代词a连用,可修饰单、复数名词)                  ⑵ adj. 确实的,无疑的be certain of 对某事有把握 They are certain of success.  be certain to do sth 肯定做某事 He is certain to come.be certain +that确信            I’m certain that he’ll come.【解析1】as for 至于;关于 (后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语) 【解析2】 to be honest = to tell (you) the truth老实说;说实话【拓展】honest adj. 诚实的(反)dishonest adj. 不诚实的an honest boy 一个诚实的男孩【注】honest 以元音音素开头,所以前面的定冠词要用an.【解析3】for a while 一会儿    She likes to lie down for a while after lunch.【解析】do with 处理;对付(某人或某物)             deal with  处理  与how 连用 do with 处理    与what 连用do with“处理;安置”,强调处理的对象,常与what连用

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