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中学英语阅读理解分析技巧

一、主旨大意题的命题形式主旨大意题旨在考查考生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力,亦即考查考生的归纳概括能力。这类试题包括要求考生选出短文的标题(title, headline)、短文或段落的主题(subject)、中心思想(main idea)、作者的写作目的(purpose或为传递信息、或为愉悦读者、或为阐述某一道理)等。这类题的设问方式主要有:(1)The subject of the passage/paragraph is ______.(2)The main idea of the passage/paragraph is______.(3)The text is mainly about ______.(4)The passage mainly centers on ______.(5)The passage mainly tells about ______.(6)What is the subject discussed in the text?(7)What is the main idea of this passage?(8)What is the passage mainly about?(9)What does the second paragraph mainly discuss?(10)What is the main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph?(11)Which of the following is the best title for the passage?(12)Which title best gives the idea of the passage?(13)What would be the best title for the text?(14)What might be the most suitable title for the passage?(15)The best headlines for this newspaper article would be______(16)The main purpose of announcing the above events is to give information about ______.(17)The writer's purpose in writing this story is ______.(18)What is the author's main purpose?(19)What does the writer really want to tell us in this passage?(20)The writer wrote the story in order to______.(21)What is the advice given in the text / passage / article?二、寻找主题句的方法正确的解答这类题目的关键是准确地找出文章的主题句。一般来说,一篇文章常常会围绕着一个中心思想或一个主要话题展开,而这个话题又常常通过一个能比较全面地覆盖或概括文章意思的句子,即所谓的“主题句”来体现。那么,主题句通常在哪里呢?(1)主题句在文首;(2)主题句在文中;(3)主题句在文末;(4)主题句以首尾呼应的形式出现在文首和文末。1. 主题句在文首这类文章写法上的特点是:文章的第一句起着点题的作用,概括了文章的主要内容或信息,下文接着对主题句所涉及的话题进行具体的阐述。2. 主题句在文中这类文章写法上的特点是:开始部分是引题,接着是点题,最后是对主题进行叙述,主题句常常起着承上启下的作用。3. 主题句在文末这种写法的特点是:在叙述完某件事情或某个话题之后,用一句话交代事情的结果或对前面的叙述进行归纳。4. 主题句以首尾呼应的形式出现在文首和文末这种写法的特点是:文章一开始就点题,接着举例,最后回归主题。5. 文章中没有明显的主题句有的文章没有明显的主题句,如果在阅读这类文章的时候碰到判断文章的主题、话题、中心思想之类的题目,我们的注意力主要放在两个方面:1. 文章的主要内容;2. 选项之间的区别。也就是说能涵盖文章的全部或主要内容的选项才是正确答案。
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