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英语词语辨析:[2]on,above, over等

on,above,over作为介词(prep.)都有“在……之上”的意思,但是用法有不同之处。
方法/步骤
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onon  prep.    英文释义:in or into a position coveringtouching or forming part of a    surface    中文释义:(覆盖、附着)在……上( 意指接触物体表面或构成物体表面的一部分)eg. a picture on the wall 墙上的画    There is a mark on your skirt. 你裙子上有一块斑。    There are two books on the table。桌子上有两本书。on 的反义词为under

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over用法1.over prep.英文释义:resting on the surface of sb/sth and partly or completely中文释义:(部分或者全部覆盖)在……上面eg. She put a blanket over the sleeping child.她给熟睡的孩子盖上毯子。    He wore an overcoat over his suit.他在西服外加了一件大衣。对比:She put her hand over her mouth to stop herself from screaming.      她用手捂住嘴,一面叫出声来。      The girl danced with a jar on her head.那个女孩头顶罐子跳舞。

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over prep.用法2.英文释义:in or to a position higher than  but not touching sb/sth ,above sb/sth中文释义:悬在……上面,向……上方(此意时不接触下方物体,与above同意,二者可以通用),此时over的反义词是beloweg. Dark  clouds are over (above) our heads.我们上空乌云密布。    The rainbow is above (over) us. 我们上空有彩虹。    The balcony juts out over(above) the street. 阳台伸出在街道上方。表示“在……正上方”,用over,此时over的反义词是under.eg. The pendant lamp hung over the dining table. 吊灯挂在餐桌的正上方。    His office is over ours. 他的办公室就在我们头顶上。    对比:His office is above ours.他的办公室在我们的上面(不在正上方)。

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over prep.用法3.英文释义:from one side of sth to the other;across sth中文释义:从一边到另一边,穿越eg. a bridge over the river 横跨河面的桥,河面上的桥    They ran over the grass.他们从草地上跑过。    They had a wonderful view over the park.     他们放眼望去,把公园的美丽景色尽收眼底。

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aboveabove prep.英文释义:at or to a higher place or position than sth/sb中文释义:在(或向)……上面(不接触下面的物体),与over同义,反义词为below.eg. The birds were wheeling in the air above(over) the building.    鸟在建筑物的上空盘旋。    The plane is flying above(over) the clouds. 飞机在云层上面飞行。

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表示上下垂直的度量以及海拔高度时,用above.eg. The temperature is three degrees above zero. 温度在零上三度。    That mountain is about 5000 feet above sea level.那座山大约海拔500英尺。

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头衔、名次的高于……用aboveeg. A captain in the navy ranks above a captain in the army.    海军的captain(上校)军衔比陆军的captain(上尉)要高。    They finished the year six places above their local rivals.     这一年结束,他们的排名比当地竞争对手高六个名次。

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above和over都可以作副词adv.above的意思是“上方”, “在上文”等;over的意思是“遍及、越过”、“穿过”、“反转”、“结束”。eg. Put it on the shelf above. 把它放到上面的搁板上。    The scientist mentioned above is Dr. Qian Weichang.    上面提到的那位科学家是钱伟长博士。    She cleaned the floor over. 她把整个地板都打扫了。    Come over and see me. 过来见我。    The meeting is over. 会议结束了。

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