语法篇之虚拟语气

虚拟语气1. 表示现在/过去/将来情况的虚拟条件句虚拟条件句主要有三种结构:1) 表示与现在情况相反:主句谓语用“would / could / might +动词原形”,从句谓语用“动词的一般过去时”(动词be的过去式一律用were)。If I were you, I would not accept his offer.If I had time, I would certainly go to the cinema with you.2) 表示与过去情况相反:主句谓语用“would / could / might + have +过去分词”,从句谓语用过去完成时。If I had got up a little earlier, I wouldn’t have missed the train.If I had been more careful, I might have passed that exam.3) 表示与将来情况相反:主句谓语用“would / could / might +动词原形”,从句谓语用“were +动词不定式”或“should +动词原形”。If I were to do the job, I would not be able to have enough time to study.If it should rain tomorrow, I would not go out with you.2. 虚拟条件句连接词if的省略如果虚拟条件句的从句中含有were, had, should, could等词时,可以省略连接词if,但这时必须把were, had, should, could等词移到主语前面,形成倒装。这种句型主要用于书面形式。Were I to do the job, I would finish doing it within two weeks.Had it not been for his help, we couldn’t have arrived there on time.Should it rain tomorrow, I would stay at home.3. wish后宾语从句中的谓语构成动词wish后的宾语从句表示未实现的或不可能实现的愿望,其宾语从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气,有以下三种构成形式。1) 表示现在不可能实现的愿望,宾语从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时。(be的过去式为were)。I wish I had enough money to buy a car.I wish I were as young and energetic as you.2) 表示过去未能实现的愿望,宾语从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时(had +过去分词)或“would / could + have +过去分词 ”。I wish I hadn’t made such a mistake.I wish I could have done it better.3) 表示将来不可能实现的愿望,宾语从句中的谓语动词用“would / should (could, might) +动词原形”。I wish I would not get old.I wish I could travel around the world one day.4. 某些动词后的宾语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气在一些动词后面的宾语从句中,谓语动词要用虚拟语气。这时,谓语动词用动词原形或should +动词原形。这类动词一般表示命令,要求,决定,建议,主张等概念,主要有:advise, ask, command, decide, demand, desire, direct, insist, move, order, propose, recommend, request, require, suggest,等。The workers demanded that their wages (should) be raised by 10 per cent.The teacher decided that you do the experiment first.5. 某些名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气在一些名词后面的表语从句和同位语从句中,谓语动词要用虚拟语气。这时,谓语动词用动词原形或should +动词原形。这类名词一般表示命令,要求,决定,建议,主张等概念,主要有:advice, idea, instruction, motion, order, plan, proposal, recommendation, request, requirement, suggestion,等。My suggestion is that we (should) send for a doctor immediately.He gave the order that they (should) do the experiment again.6. 错综时间条件句条件从句表示的动作和主句表示的动作,有时发生的时间是不一致的.如从句是对过去情况的假设,而主句可能是对现在正在进行情况的假设。 这种句子称为错综时间条件句.If the weather had been more favourable, the crops would be growing still better.7. 某些主语从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气某些表示命令,要求,决定,建议,主张以及“重要性”和“紧迫性”等概念的主语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气。这时,谓语动词用动词原形或should +动词原形。这类主语从句一般由 “It is (was) + 形容词/过去分词 + that引导的从句”构成。该结构中,常用的形容词主要有:advisable, appropriate, desirable, essential, imperative, important, necessary, obligatory, proper, urgent, vital等;常用的过去分词主要有:arranged, decided, demanded, desired, ordered, proposed, recommended, requested, suggested等。It is necessary that you (should) stop smoking so heavily.It is arranged that you (should) enter for this competition.